Review and appraisal of research evidences generated to harness the demographic dividend in Ethiopia
Keywords:
Fertility, Maternal, Contraceptives, Child mortality, Infant mortality, Demographic dividend
Abstract
Ethiopia has been experiencing demographic transitions as a result of the country’s efforts to reduce fertility and mortality rates through improving socio-economic changes. Achieving faster socio-economic growth requires transforming the young population into productive human capital. The objective of this critical review is to access and evaluate evidence-based efforts made in Ethiopia to harness the demographic dividend. The Article has used data from published research findings on specific topics, development plans, and program reports. A range of legal frameworks, policies, and programs related to health, education, economic development, good governance, and women's empowerment have been developed and implemented to improve the well-being of the population. Though positive and evidence-based achievements in education, health, fertility decrement, and economic reform were obtained, maintaining the quality of institutions and a lack of stockholder commitment have severely challenged the country, and as a result, changes were not extensive compared to other model countries in demographic dividend triumph. Therefore, continued efforts have to be made to reduce population growth and improve the accessibility and quality of socio-economic sectors so as to harness the demographic dividend and thereby change the living conditions of society.
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References
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3. Assefa, Hailemariam (2015): Demographic Transition and Demographic Dividend in Ethiopia: Opportunities and Challenges: Country Case Study
4. Assefa Admassie , Seid Nuru Ali, John F. May,Shelley Megquier, and Scott Moreland. (2015). “The Demographic Dividend: An Opportunity for Ethiopia’s Transformation,” Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau and Ethiopian Economics Association.
5. Assefa Admassie , Seid Nuru Ali, John F. May,Shelley Megquier, and Scott Moreland (2017). Assefa Harnessing demographic dividend in Ethiopia https://www.prb.org/resources/harnessing-the-demographic-dividend-in-ethiopia/
6. Bacci, M. (2017): A concise history of world population growth. 6th ed. Oxford publisher
7. Blackwell. Birdsall, N., Kelley A., Sinding S. (2001). Population matters: demographic change, economic growth and poverty in the developing world Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press Bank
8. Bloom, D. E., D. Canning and P. N. Malaney (2000). "Population Dynamics and Economic Growth in Asia." Population and Development Review 26: 257-290.
9. Currie, J. and Moretti, E.(2003): Mother’s education and the intergenerational transmission of Development Commission, Addis Ababa.
10. CIA world fact book (2021): Ethiopia https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/ethiopia/
11. CSA and ICF International, Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2011 (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and Calverton, MD: ICF International).
12. Demographic dividend effort index (DDEI, 2020) Bill & Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health — Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
13. Education Development Center (2018): Livelihoods for Resilience Activity- Labor Market Assessment Report Developed for CARE Ethiopia
14. Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey (2019). Addis Ababa
15. Ethiopian Population and Housing Census (1994)., Addis Ababa.
16. Ethiopian Science Academy (2017): The Demographic Dividend: Imperative for Ethiopia’s Transformation: Policy makers’ Booklet : Addis Ababa. Ethiopia .
17. Ethiopia CSA and ICF International, Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2011 (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and Calverton, MD: ICF International, 2012).
18. Gribble,J and Jason Bremner (2012): The Challenge of Attaining the Demographic Dividend: Washington DC: Population Reference Bureau human capital: Evidence from college openings. Quarterly Journal of Economics 118(4):1495 –1532.
19. Hans Groth & John F. May Vincent Turbat (2019) Policies Needed to Capture a Demographic Dividend in Sub-Saharan Africa
20. Hans Groth, Vincent Barras und Ziqian Feng (2020) Unlocking a Demographic Dividend in Ethiopia: How Entrepreneurship Can Help Drive Job Creation
21. Kerilyn Schewel and Legass Bahir Asmamaw (2021): Duke Center for International Development, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA, Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa,
22. Judith Bruce and Erica Chong (2009): “The Diverse Universe of Adolescents, and the Girls and Boys Left Behind: A Note on Research, Program, and Policy Priorities,” background paper to the UN Millennium Project report Public Choices, Private Decisions: Sexual and Reproductive Health and the Millennium Development Goals; and John Bongaarts, “Population Growth and Policy Options in sub-Saharan Africa,” presentation at special session organized by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation during the Population Association of America Meetings, 2009.
23. Louma, Katie (2016): Ethiopia and the Demographic Dividend. Population Education
24. Shelley Megquier, and Kate Belohlav (2014). “Ethiopia's Key: Young People and the. Demographic Dividend”. Policy Brief. Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau and Ethiopian Economics Association.
25. Organization for Co- operation Development OECD (2012): Gender equality in education. In: Closing the Gender Gap: Act Now http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264179370-4-en
26. PDC. (2020). “National Account Data”, the FDRE Planning and Population and Development Review, Vol. 27: 160-176.
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33. WDI. (2020) World Development Indicators: Washington, DC: The World
34. World data atlas, 2020 https://knoema.com/atlas/Ethiopia/topics/Demographics/Dependency-Ratios/Total-dependency-ratio-0-14-and-65-per-15-64/ accessed on December, 2021
35. World Bank, (2020) https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.FM.ZS accessed on December 2021
36. World Health Organization and UNICEF, Building a Future for Women and
37. Children: The 2012 Report (Geneva: World Health Organization, 2012).
Published
2023-08-15
How to Cite
Ephrem Tadesse. (2023). Review and appraisal of research evidences generated to harness the demographic dividend in Ethiopia. Central Asian Journal of Theoretical and Applied Science, 4(8), 6-21. Retrieved from https://cajotas.centralasianstudies.org/index.php/CAJOTAS/article/view/1249
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
