Study and Analysis of the Relationship Between Coronal Mass Ejections and Solar Energetic Particles for X-Class Solar Flares

Zahraa Mohmmad; Habeeb Herez Allawi

Zahraa Mohmmad Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Thi-Qar
Habeeb Herez Allawi Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Thi-Qar

Keywords: Coronal Mass Ejections, Solar Energetic Particles, Solar Flares, X-Class Flares, CMEs, SEPs

Abstract

This study explores the relationship between solar energetic particles (SEPs) and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) throughout Solar Cycle 24. The study utilizes satellite data from SOHO and GOES, as well as Python-based analytical tools. The study begins with an overview of the Sun's structure, discussing the core, radiative zone, and convective zone. It also explains how the solar magnetic field and sunspots impact solar events like flares and CMEs. It investigates how CME shocks accelerate solar particles and their effects on Earth. The analysis examines CME velocity, mass, and kinetic energy, and identifies factors influencing particle acceleration. It reveals a strong correlation between CME velocity and density, with recent analyses providing further insights. The study provides recommendations for future research to enhance prediction models for solar energetic events and mitigate their effects on technology, including communication systems and satellites. It highlights the intricate relationship between SEPs and CMEs, offering insights to improve predictions and reduce their harmful impacts on essential technology.

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