Deep Eutectic Solvents-Based Ultrasonic Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction with Using Nanoparticles for Determination of Cadmium and Lead in Real Samples
Keywords:
Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs), CuO NPs, Green Synthesis, Pre-Concentration, DLLME
Abstract
A simple, rapid, sensitive, and eco-friendly ultrasonic-assisted deep eutectic solvent-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method (USA-DES-DLLME) with modified nanoparticles (CuO NPs) for the separation/pre-concentration of cadmium and lead in water samples using a flame atomic absorption spectrometer. In this method, CuO NPs were synthesized and characterized using various techniques (FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, and AFM). The optimal conditions for the quantitative recovery of the analytes, including the effect of pH, type and volume of DES, volume of CuO NPs, extraction time, tetrahydrofuran (THF), speed and time of centrifugation, and ultrasonic time, were determined. Under optimized experimental conditions, the relative standard deviation (RSD%) at a concentration of 0.05 µg/mL was found to be 2.4% and 2.7%, with limits of detection (LOD) of 0.012 μg.mL−1 and 0.017μg.mL−1, and limits of quantification (LOQ) of 0.038μg.mL−1 and 0.051 μg.mL−1 for cadmium and lead, respectively. The enrichment factors (EF) were found to be 86.6 and 68.85, and the pre-concentration factor was 15 for cadmium and lead, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precision of the method were calculated at 0.3 and 0.5 µg/mL, with intra-day precision (2.2%, 2.5%) for lead, and (2.6%, 3.2%) for cadmium, and inter-day precision (3.4%, 3.8%) for lead, and (3.0%, 4.8%) for cadmium, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the determination of cadmium and lead in real samples.
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References
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H. Musarurwa and N. T. Tavengwa, "Deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction of pesticides in food samples," Food Chemistry, vol. 342, p. 127943, 2021.
U. Alshana and M. Soylak, "Deep eutectic solvents in microextraction," in Analytical sample preparation with nano-and other high-performance materials: Elsevier, 2021, pp. 471-512.
D. J. Van Osch et al., "A search for natural hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents based on natural components," ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 2933-2942, 2019.
A. Shishov, A. Bulatov, M. Locatelli, S. Carradori, and V. Andruch, "Application of deep eutectic solvents in analytical chemistry. A review," Microchemical journal, vol. 135, pp. 33-38, 2017.
T. Khezeli, M. Ghaedi, S. Bahrani, A. Daneshfar, and M. Soylak, "Deep eutectic solvent in separation and preconcentration of organic and inorganic species," in New Generation Green Solvents for Separation and Preconcentration of Organic and Inorganic Species: Elsevier, 2020, pp. 381-423.
D. C. de Andrade, S. A. Monteiro, and J. Merib, "A review on recent applications of deep eutectic solvents in microextraction techniques for the analysis of biological matrices," Advances in Sample Preparation, vol. 1, p. 100007, 2022.
Y. H. Choi et al., "Are natural deep eutectic solvents the missing link in understanding cellular metabolism and physiology?," Plant physiology, vol. 156, no. 4, pp. 1701-1705, 2011.
D. J. Ramón and G. Guillena, "Deep eutectic solvents: synthesis, properties, and applications," 2020.
F. Oyoun et al., "Deep Eutectic Solvents: An Eco‐friendly Design for Drug Engineering," ChemSusChem, vol. 16, no. 20, p. e202300669, 2023.
M. A. Farajzadeh, M. R. A. Mogaddam, and M. Aghanassab, "Deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction," Analytical Methods, vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 2576-2583, 2016.
S. Alamdari et al., "Preparation and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using leaf extract of Sambucus ebulus," Applied Sciences, vol. 10, no. 10, p. 3620, 2020.
S. Abel, J. L. Tesfaye, N. Nagaprasad, R. Shanmugam, L. P. Dwarampudi, and R. Krishnaraj, "Synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using moringa leaf extract," Journal of Nanomaterials, vol. 2021, no. 1, p. 4525770, 2021.
S. Ullah et al., "Ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for neutral red dye spectrophotometric determination," Molecules, vol. 27, no. 18, p. 6112, 2022.
A. Al-Bedhany, "Geochemical evaluation pollution for some heavy metals in basra soil," University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 34-42, 2015.
A. Lashari, T. G. Kazi, H. I. Afridi, J. A. Baig, M. B. Arain, and A. A. Lashari, "Estimation of metal and metalloid in crude oil of newly developed oil field after acid digestion/extraction methods using different devices," Journal of Trace Elements and Minerals, vol. 4, p. 100064, 2023.
L. Destiarti, B. N. Huda, R. Riyanto, R. Roto, and M. Mudasir, "Challenges of Using Natural Extracts as Green Reducing Agents in the Synthesis of rGO: A Brief Review," Results in Chemistry, p. 101270, 2023.
S. Saran, G. Sharma, M. Kumar, and M. Ali, "Biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using cyanobacteria spirulina platensis and its antibacterial activity," Int J Pharm Sci Res, vol. 8, no. 9, pp. 3887-3892, 2017.
Y. Kumar, V. Singh, A. Pandey, M. Genwa, and P. Meena, "Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles," in AIP Conference Proceedings, 2020, vol. 2265, no. 1: AIP Publishing.
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T. A. Jouybari, H. A. Jouybari, F. Hosseini, M. Nesari, and N. Fattahi, "Evaluation of blood lead levels in opium addicts and healthy control group using novel deep eutectic solvent based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by GFAAS," Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 30, no. 9, pp. 24553-24561, 2023.
E. Prasedya et al., "Effect of particle size on phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties of Sargassum cristaefolium ethanol extract," Scientific Reports, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 17876, 2021.
N. Liang, X. Hou, P. Huang, C. Jiang, L. Chen, and L. Zhao, "Ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with functionalized magnetic nanoparticle solid-phase extraction for determination of industrial dyes in water," Scientific Reports, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 13844, 2017.
E. Ragheb, M. Shamsipur, F. Jalali, M. Sadeghi, N. Babajani, and N. Mafakheri, "Magnetic solid-phase extraction using metal–organic framework-based biosorbent followed by ligandless deep-eutectic solvent-ultrasounds-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DES-USA-DLLME) for preconcentration of mercury (II)," Microchemical Journal, vol. 166, p. 106209, 2021.
A. M. Hameed, "An eco-friendly ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent-based liquid–phase microextraction method for enrichment and quantification of nickel in environmental samples," Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Applied Sciences, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 57-68, 2022.
Z. Gholami, M. H. Marhamatizadeh, S. Yousefinejad, M. Rashedinia, and S. M. Mazloomi, "Vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent for the simultaneous identification of eight synthetic dyes in jellies and drinks using HPLC-PBA," Microchemical Journal, vol. 170, p. 106671, 2021.
S. Sadeghi and Z. Nasehi, "Simultaneous determination of Brilliant Green and Crystal Violet dyes in fish and water samples with dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction using ionic liquid followed by zero crossing first derivative spectrophotometric analysis method," Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, vol. 201, pp. 134-142, 2018.
E. M. Gama, A. da Silva Lima, and V. A. Lemos, "Preconcentration system for cadmium and lead determination in environmental samples using polyurethane foam/Me-BTANC," Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 136, no. 3, pp. 757-762, 2006.
K. Ghanemi, Y. Nikpour, O. Omidvar, and A. Maryamabadi, "Sulfur-nanoparticle-based method for separation and preconcentration of some heavy metals in marine samples prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry determination," Talanta, vol. 85, no. 1, pp. 763-769, 2011.
N. Jalbani and M. Soylak, "Ligandless surfactant mediated solid phase extraction combined with Fe3O4 nano-particle for the preconcentration and determination of cadmium and lead in water and soil samples followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry: multivariate strategy," Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol. 102, pp. 174-178, 2014.
T. Chiroma, R. Ebewele, and F. Hymore, "Comparative assessment of heavy metal levels in soil, vegetables and urban grey waste water used for irrigation in Yola and Kano," International refereed journal of engineering and science, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 01-09, 2014.
Published
2024-11-02
How to Cite
Hadad, A., & Affat, S. (2024). Deep Eutectic Solvents-Based Ultrasonic Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction with Using Nanoparticles for Determination of Cadmium and Lead in Real Samples. Central Asian Journal of Theoretical and Applied Science, 5(6), 604-621. Retrieved from https://cajotas.centralasianstudies.org/index.php/CAJOTAS/article/view/1515
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