The Impact of Light Wavelengths on Photosynthetic Efficiency

Muroddinova Farida  Rakhmatboy qizi

doi:10.51699/cajotas.v6i3.1577

Muroddinova Farida Rakhmatboy qizi Student of Gulistan State University

DOI: https://doi.org/10.51699/cajotas.v6i3.1577

Keywords: Photosynthesis, light wavelength, chlorophyll a and b, photosynthetically active radiation (par), red light, blue light, green light, far-red light, emerson enhancement effect, phytochromes, photoreceptors, canopy light penetration, stomatal regulation, artificial lighting systems, controlled-environment agriculture, vertical farming, greenhouse optimization, plant morphology, biomass accumulation, light absorption spectrum, spectral efficiency, quantum yield, plant development, light signaling, agricultural productivity, led grow lights

Abstract

Photosynthesis is a vital process through which plants transform light energy into chemical energy, essential for their growth and development. The efficacy of photosynthesis is influenced by the quality and wavelength of light absorbed by chlorophyll pigments, with varying wavelengths impacting plant morphology and productivity in distinct ways. However, comprehensive understanding of the precise roles of each wavelength, especially in controlled agricultural environments, remains limited. This study seeks to evaluate the impact of red, blue, green, and far-red light wavelengths on photosynthetic efficiency to determine the most effective spectra for best plant growth. The analysis indicates that red and blue wavelengths are optimal for photosynthesis, as they are highly absorbed by chlorophyll a and b. Blue light promotes compact growth and regulates stomatal function, while green light, despite its lower absorption, penetrates deeper to support shaded foliage. Additionally, far-red light enhances photosynthesis through the Emerson effect when paired with red light. The study integrates recent insights on spectral efficiency and the role of far-red light beyond the traditional PAR range to propose improved lighting strategies for modern agriculture. These findings imply that optimized artificial lighting systems using tailored spectral combinations can significantly improve plant productivity, energy efficiency, and sustainable practices in vertical farming, greenhouses, and controlled-environment agriculture.

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