Prosopis africana (African mesquite) Oil as an Alternative to Antibiotic Feed Additives on Broiler Chickens Diets: Haematology and Serum Biochemical Indices
Keywords:
Prosopis africana, broilers, haematology, serum, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to examine the effect of Prosopis africana (African mesquite) oil as an alternative to antibiotic feed additives on broiler chickens diets: haematology and serum biochemical indices. GC-MS analysis of Prosopis africana oil (PSO) revealed the presence of 21 bioactive chemicals with therapeutic properties. A total of 540 1-day old broiler chicks (Ross 307) were randomly assigned to 6 treatments with six replicates consisting of 15 birds each in a completely randomized design. Treatment 1 (T1) (basal diet + 0 % PSO), treatment 2 (basal diet + 1.5 g/kg neomycin), T3, T4, T5 and T6 were fed basal diet with PSO at 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg and 400 mg/kg feed respectively. The experiment lasted for 56 during which fresh water and feed were offered ad libitum. Vaccination was also carried out and all other management practices were strictly observed. Result from the analysis revealed that red blood cell, pack cell volume, haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular heamoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, white blood cells and its differentials were significantly (P˂0.05) different among the treatments. Feeding broilers with PSO resulted in lower values of heterophils/lymphocytes ratio (P˂0.05). Similarly, all the serum biochemical parameters (albumin, globulin, glucose, cholesterol, ALP, AST and ALT) were significantly (P˂0.05) influenced by the treatments; expect for creatinine, urea, triglycerides, LDL and HDL values that were not significantly (P˃0.05) different among the treatments. It was concluded that PSO could be included up to 400 mg/kg diet of broilers without causing any negative effect on the health status of the animal.
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References
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29. Basmacioglu, M.H., Baysal, H., Misiriloglu, Z and Polat, M. (2010). Effect of oregano essential oil with or without enzyme on performance, digestive enzyme, nutrient digestibilityand immune response of broilers fed wheat-soyabean meal diets. British Poultry Science 51: 67-80.
30. Cromwell, G.L. (2002). Why and how antibiotics are used in swine production. Animal Biotechnology 13:7-27.
31. Windisch, W., Schedle, K., Plitzner, C and Kroismayr, A. (2008). Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry. Journal of Animal Science 86: 1-7.
32. Baser, K.H.C and Demirci, F. (2007). Chemistry of essential oils. Bioprocessing and Sustainability edited by Berger, RG, NewYork Springer. Pp 43-86.
33. Mathe, A. (2009). Essential oils-biochemistry production and utilization in: phytogenics in Animal Nutrition, Natural Concepts to Optimize the Gut Health and Performance edited by Steiner, T Nottinghan University Press p. 1-18.
34. Kommera, S.K., Mateo, R.D., Neher, F and Kim, S.W. (2006). Phytogenics and organic acids as potential alternatives to the use of antibiotics in nursery pig diets. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science 19: 87-95.
35. Huang, Y., Yoo, J.S., Kim, H.J., Chen, Y.J and Cho, J.H. (2010). Effects of dietary supplementation with blended essential oil on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood profile in weaning pigs. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science 23: 607-613.
36. Huang, C.W., Lee, T.T., Shih, Y.C and Yu, B. (2012). Effect of dietary supplementation of Chinese medicinal herbs on polymorphonuclear neutrophil immune activity and small intestinal morphology of weaning pigs. Journal of Animal Physiology 96: 285-294.
37. Giannenas, I., Papaneophytou, C.P., Tsalie, E., Pappas, L., Triantafilou, E and Tontis, D. (2014). Dietary supplementation of benzoic acid and essential oil compounds affects buffering capacity of the feed, performance of turkey poults and antioxidant status. Asian Australian Journal of Animal Science 27: 225-236.
38. Zhaikai, Z., Sai, Zhang., Hongliang, W and Xiangshu, P. (2015). Essential oil and aromatic plants as feed additives in non-ruminant nutrition: a review. Journal of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology (2015): 6-7.
39. Ahvia, M., Khalighi-Sigaroodib, F., Clarkhchiyane, M.M., Mojabd, F and Zakerif, H. (2012). Introduction to medicinal plant species with the most traditional usage in Alamut Region. Iranian Journal of Pharmacology 11(1): 185-194.
40. Balunas M.J and Kinghorn, A.D. (2005). Drug discovery form medicinal plants. Life Science 3(8): 1-7.
41. Wadood, A, Ghufran, M., Jamal, S.D and Nacem, M. (2013). Phytochemical analysis of medicinal plants occurring in local area of Mardan. Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2:144-150.
42. Gupta, A.R., Putra, R.C., Sani, M and Swarup, D. (2007). Haematology and serum biochemical indices of growing rabbits of Chital and barking deer reared in semi captivity. Veterinary Research Communications 31: 801-808.
43. Addass, P. A., David, D. L., Edward, A., Zira, K. E., & Midau, A. (2012). Effect of Age, Sex and Management System on Some Haematological Parameters of Intensively and Semi‐Intensively Kept Chicken in Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 2(3), 277-282.
44. Ajao, B.H., Ola, S.I., Adameji, O.V and Kolawole, R.F. (2013). The relationship of ambient temperature and relative humidity to the thermorespiratory function of grasscutters. Proceedings of Annual Conference of Animal Science Association. P 92.
45. Etim, N.N., Williams, M.E., Enyenihi, G.E., Udo, M.D and Effiong, E.A. (2013). Haematological parameters: indicators of physiological status of farm animals. British Journal of Science 10(1): 33-45.
2. Adewale, A.O., Alagbe, J.O., Adeoye, Adekemi. O. (2021). Dietary Supplementation of Rauvolfia Vomitoria Root Extract as A Phytogenic Feed Additive in Growing Rabbit Diets: Haematology and serum biochemical indices. International Journal of Orange Technologies, 3(3): 1-12.
3. Singh, A.S., Alagbe, J.O., Sharma, S., Oluwafemi, R.A and Agubosi, O.C.P. (2021). Effect of dietary supplementation of melon (Citrallus linatus) seed oil on the growth performance and antioxidant status of growing rabbits. Journal of Multidimensional Research and Reviews, 2(1): 78-95.
4. Musa, B., Alagbe, J.O., Adegbite Motunrade Betty, Omokore, E.A. (2020). Growth performance, caeca microbial population and immune response of broiler chicks fed aqueous extract of Balanites aegyptiaca and Alchornea cordifolia stem bark mixture. United Journal for Research and Technology, 2(2):13-21
5. Shittu, M.D and Alagbe, J.O. (2020). Phyto-nutritional profiles of broom weed (Sida acuta) leaf extract. International Journal of Integrated Education. 3(11): 119-124
6. Alagbe, J.O and Adegbite Motunrade Betty (2019). Haematological and serum biochemical indices of starter broiler chicks fed aqueous extract of Balanites aegyptiaca and Alchornea cordifolia bark mixture. International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies. 1(1): 8-15
7. Alagbe, J.O (2019). Proximate, mineral and phytochemical analysis of Piliostigma thonningii stems bark and roots. International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies, 1(1): 1-7
8. Alagbe, J.O. (2019). Effects of dried Centella asiatica leaf meal as a herbal feed additive on the growth performance, haematology and serum biochemistry of broiler chicken. International Journal of Animal Research. 3(23): 1-12.
9. Talebi, A., Asri-Rezaei, S., Rozeh-Chai, R and Sahraei, R. (2005). Comparative studies on haematological values of broiler strains (Ross, Cobb, Arbo-acres and Arian). International Journal of Poultry Science, 4(8):573-579.
10. Livingston, M.L., Cowieson, A.J., Crespo, R., Hoang, V., Nogal, B and Browning, M. (2020). Effect of broiler genetics, age and gender on performance and blood chemistry. Heliyon 6 (2020) e 04400.
11. Islam, M.S., Lucky, N.S., Literak, I., Ahad, A., Rahman, M.M and Siddiui, M.S.I. (2004). Changes of haematological parameters of fayoumi, assil and local chickens reared in Sylhet region in Bangladesh. International Journal of Poultry Science, 3:144-147.
12. Abdi-Hachesoo, B., Talebi, A and Asri-Rezaei, S. (2011). Comparative study on blood profile of indigenous and Ross-308 broiler breeders. Global Veterinary Journal, 7:238-241.
13. Alagbe, J.O., Ajagbe, A.D., Attama Jeremiah, Philemon, K.C and Bello, Kamoru, A (2020). Albizia lebbeck stem bark aqueous extract as alternative to antibiotic feed additives in broiler chicks diets: Haematology, Serum indices and oxidative status. International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies, 2(1): 8-15.
14. Alagbe, J.O (2021). Dietary Supplementation of Rauvolfia Vomitoria Root Extract as A Phytogenic Feed Additive in Growing Rabbit Diets: Growth Performance and Caecal Microbial Population. Concept in Dairy and Veterinary Sciences. 4(2):2021.
15. Olabanji, R.O., Ojebiyi, O.O., Tona, G.O and Olaogun, O. (2007). Haematological and serum biochemical response of growing rabbits fed diets containing Mango seed kernel meal. Proceedings of the 14th Annual Conference of Nigeria Society of Animal Production.
16. Alagbe, J.O., Shittu, M.D and Eunice Abidemi Ojo (2020). Prospect of leaf extracts on the performance and blood profile of monogastric – A review. International Journal of Integrated Education. 3(7): 122-127.
17. Alagbe, J.O. (2020). Performance, hematology and serum biochemical parameters of weaner rabbits fed different levels of fermented Lagenaria brevifora whole fruit extract. Advances in Research and Reviews, 2020, 1:5.
18. Nse Abasi, N.E., Mary, E.W., Uduak, A and Edem, E.A.O (2014). Haematological parameters and factors affecting their values. Journal of Agricultural Science, 2(1): 37-47.
19. Isaac, L. J., Abah, G., Akpan, B and Ekaette, I.U (2013). Haematological properties of different breeds and sexes of rabbits. Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference of Animal Science Association of Nigeria. (Pg. 24-27).
20. Mahipal, C., Ashak, K.P., Shalini, B., Narayan, D., Sunil, E.J and Kusumakar, S. (2015). Dietary supplementation of a novel phytogenic feed additive: effects on nutrient metabolism, antioxidant status and immune response of goats. Animal Production Science, 2:21-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/AN14770
21. Ӧzkan, C., Kaya, A and Akgul, Y. (2003). Normal values of haematological and some serum biochemical parameters in serum and urine of New Zealand white rabbits. World Rabbit Science, 20:253-259.
22. Olafadehan, O.A., Oluwafemi, R.A and Alagbe, J.O. (2020). Performance, haemato-biochemical parameters of broiler chicks administered Rolfe (Daniellia oliveri) leaf extract as an antibiotic alternative. Advances in Research and Reviews, 2020, 1:4.
23. Agubosi, O.C.P., Oluwafemi, R.A., and Alagbe, J.O. (2021). Preliminary study on GC-MS analysis of Prosopis africana seed (African mesquite) oil. Journal of Ethics and Diversity in International Communication 1(4): 18-20.
24. Alagbe, J.O., Adedeji, M.O., Habiba, Z., Nwosu, Gloria and Wyedia Dabara Comfort (2021). Physico-chemical properties of Indigofera zollingineriana seed oil. Asian Journal of Advances in Medical Science 3(4): 306-308.
25. Obajuluwa, O.V., Sanwo, K.A., Egbeyale, L.T and Fafiolu, O.A. (2020). Performance, blood profile and gut morphometry of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with Yohimbe (Pausynistalia yohimbe) and Larvacide. Journal of Veterianary and Animal Science 4(10): 13-20
26. Dellmann, H and Brown, E.M. (1987). Blood and bone marrow In: Textbook of Veterinary Histology 3rd Ed Lea Fibiger and Philadelphia pp. 71-85.
27. Mitruka, B.M and Rawnsley, H. (1977). Clinical biochemistry and haematological reference values in experimental animals 1st edition New York USA, Masson Publishing Inc. pp 106-112.
28. Jang, I.S., Ko, Y.H., Kang, S.Y and Lee, C.Y. (2007). Effect of a commercial essential oil on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and intestinal microflora of broiler chickens. Animal Feed Science Tech 134: 304-305.
29. Basmacioglu, M.H., Baysal, H., Misiriloglu, Z and Polat, M. (2010). Effect of oregano essential oil with or without enzyme on performance, digestive enzyme, nutrient digestibilityand immune response of broilers fed wheat-soyabean meal diets. British Poultry Science 51: 67-80.
30. Cromwell, G.L. (2002). Why and how antibiotics are used in swine production. Animal Biotechnology 13:7-27.
31. Windisch, W., Schedle, K., Plitzner, C and Kroismayr, A. (2008). Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry. Journal of Animal Science 86: 1-7.
32. Baser, K.H.C and Demirci, F. (2007). Chemistry of essential oils. Bioprocessing and Sustainability edited by Berger, RG, NewYork Springer. Pp 43-86.
33. Mathe, A. (2009). Essential oils-biochemistry production and utilization in: phytogenics in Animal Nutrition, Natural Concepts to Optimize the Gut Health and Performance edited by Steiner, T Nottinghan University Press p. 1-18.
34. Kommera, S.K., Mateo, R.D., Neher, F and Kim, S.W. (2006). Phytogenics and organic acids as potential alternatives to the use of antibiotics in nursery pig diets. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science 19: 87-95.
35. Huang, Y., Yoo, J.S., Kim, H.J., Chen, Y.J and Cho, J.H. (2010). Effects of dietary supplementation with blended essential oil on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood profile in weaning pigs. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science 23: 607-613.
36. Huang, C.W., Lee, T.T., Shih, Y.C and Yu, B. (2012). Effect of dietary supplementation of Chinese medicinal herbs on polymorphonuclear neutrophil immune activity and small intestinal morphology of weaning pigs. Journal of Animal Physiology 96: 285-294.
37. Giannenas, I., Papaneophytou, C.P., Tsalie, E., Pappas, L., Triantafilou, E and Tontis, D. (2014). Dietary supplementation of benzoic acid and essential oil compounds affects buffering capacity of the feed, performance of turkey poults and antioxidant status. Asian Australian Journal of Animal Science 27: 225-236.
38. Zhaikai, Z., Sai, Zhang., Hongliang, W and Xiangshu, P. (2015). Essential oil and aromatic plants as feed additives in non-ruminant nutrition: a review. Journal of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology (2015): 6-7.
39. Ahvia, M., Khalighi-Sigaroodib, F., Clarkhchiyane, M.M., Mojabd, F and Zakerif, H. (2012). Introduction to medicinal plant species with the most traditional usage in Alamut Region. Iranian Journal of Pharmacology 11(1): 185-194.
40. Balunas M.J and Kinghorn, A.D. (2005). Drug discovery form medicinal plants. Life Science 3(8): 1-7.
41. Wadood, A, Ghufran, M., Jamal, S.D and Nacem, M. (2013). Phytochemical analysis of medicinal plants occurring in local area of Mardan. Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2:144-150.
42. Gupta, A.R., Putra, R.C., Sani, M and Swarup, D. (2007). Haematology and serum biochemical indices of growing rabbits of Chital and barking deer reared in semi captivity. Veterinary Research Communications 31: 801-808.
43. Addass, P. A., David, D. L., Edward, A., Zira, K. E., & Midau, A. (2012). Effect of Age, Sex and Management System on Some Haematological Parameters of Intensively and Semi‐Intensively Kept Chicken in Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 2(3), 277-282.
44. Ajao, B.H., Ola, S.I., Adameji, O.V and Kolawole, R.F. (2013). The relationship of ambient temperature and relative humidity to the thermorespiratory function of grasscutters. Proceedings of Annual Conference of Animal Science Association. P 92.
45. Etim, N.N., Williams, M.E., Enyenihi, G.E., Udo, M.D and Effiong, E.A. (2013). Haematological parameters: indicators of physiological status of farm animals. British Journal of Science 10(1): 33-45.
Published
2022-02-05
How to Cite
J. O, A. (2022). Prosopis africana (African mesquite) Oil as an Alternative to Antibiotic Feed Additives on Broiler Chickens Diets: Haematology and Serum Biochemical Indices. Central Asian Journal of Theoretical and Applied Science, 3(2), 19-29. Retrieved from https://cajotas.centralasianstudies.org/index.php/CAJOTAS/article/view/391
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