Effect of Dietary Inclusion Levels of Moringaolerifera Oil on the Growth Performance and Nutrient Retention of Broiler Starter Chicks
Keywords:
Moringaoleifera oil, broilers, antibiotics, phytochemicals, gas chromatography
Abstract
An experiment was carried out to examine the effect of dietary inclusion of Moringaoleifera oil (MOO) on the growth performance and nutrient retention of broiler chicks. A total of 180-day- old broiler chicks (Arbor acre) of mixed sex were randomly allotted into six dietary treatments of 30 birds per treatment; each treatment was further divided into 3 replicates consisting of 10 birds each in a completely randomized design. Basal diet was formulated to meet the nutritional requirements of broiler chicks, feed and clean water were given ad libitum throughout the experiment which lasted for 28 days. Birds in treatment 1 (T1) were fed basal diet with Oxytetracycline at 1.5g/kg feed while birds in T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 were fed basal diet mixed with MOO at 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mL/kg feed respectively. Results on gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed the presence of 17 bioactive compounds which accounted for 70.72 %. The major compounds identified in MOO are: β-caryphyllene (19.02 %), β-myrcene (16.08 %), carvenone (10.11 %) and α-cubebene (7.11 %) respectively. Data on average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not significantly (P˂0.05) different among the treatments. Highest mortality was recorded among birds in T1 (0.33 %) followed by T2 (0.01 %) none was recorded in the other treatments (P˂0.05). Results on nutrient retention (dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extracts and nitrogen free extracts) were influenced by the dietary inclusion of MOO. It can be concluded that MOO could be fed to broilers up to 0.5 mL per kg feed without causing any negative effect on the performance of birds.
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References
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14. Alagbe, J. O. (2021). Dietary Supplementation of RauvolfiaVomitoria Root Extract as A Phytogenic Feed Additive in Growing Rabbit Diets: Growth Performance and Caeca Microbial Population. Concept of Dairy and Veterinary Science, 4(2):409-416
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21. Ojewuyi, O. B., Ajiboye, T. O., Adebanjo, E. O., Balogun, A. and Mohammed, A. O. (2014). Proximate composition, phytochemical and mineral contents of young and mature Polyalthialongifolia Leaves. Fountain Journal of Natural and Applied Science, 3: 10-19
22. Olafadehan, O. A., Oluwafemi, R. A. and Alagbe, J.O. (2020). Carcass quality, nutrient retention and caeca microbial population of broiler chicks administered Rolfe (Danielliaoliveri) leaf extract as an antibiotic alternative. Journal of Drug Discovery. 14(33):146-154.
23. Olson, E. and Razafimandimbison, S. G. (2000): Moringahildebrandtii(Moringaceae): a tree extinct in the wild but preserved by indigenous horticultural practices in Madagascar. Adansonia 22 (2): 217-221,
24. Olson, M. E. (2002). Intergeneric relationships within the Caricaceae-Moringacecae clade (Brassicales), and potential morphological synapomorphies of the clade and its families. International Journal of Plant Science, 163:51-65
25. Oluwafemi, R. A., Bamigboye, S. O., Agbonika, D. A. and Maduekwe, I. M. (2020). Effect of dietary supplementation of garlic (Allium sativum) oil on the growth performance, carcass quality, and cost implication of broiler chickens. Electronic research journal of engineering, computer and applied science, 2: 117-126
26. Oluwafemi, R. A., Egwuiyi. G. N and Alagbe, J. O. (2020). Effect of feeding Polylathialongifolia leaf meal as partial replacement of wheat offal. European Journal of Agricultural and Rural Education. 1(1), 8-16.
27. Ramachandran, C., Peter, K. V. and Gopalakrishnan, P. K. (1980). Drumstick (Moringaoleifera) a multipurpose Indian vegetable. Economy Botany, 34, 276-283.
28. Olafadehan, O.A., Oluwafemi, R.A and Alagbe, J.O. (2020). Performance, haematobiochemical parameters of broiler chicks administered Rolfe (Danielliaoliveri) leaf extract as an antibiotic alternative. Advances in Research and Reviews, 2020, 1:4.
29. Alagbe J.O, Shittu MD, AjagbeAdekunle David. (2020). Albizialebbeck stem bark aqueous extract as alternative to antibiotic feed additives in broiler chicks’ diets: performance and nutrient retention. International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology, 3(5):000237.
30. Alagbe, J.O., Adeoye, Adekemi and Oluwatobi, O.A. (2020). Proximate and mineral analysis of Delonixregia leaves and roots. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3(10): 144-149.
31. Alagbe, J.O., Sharma, R., Eunice AbidemiOjo, Shittu, M.D and Bello KamoruAtanda (2020). Chemical evaluation of the proximate, minerals, vitamins and phytochemical analysis of Danielliaoliveri stem bark. International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies, 2(1):16-22
32. Morton, J. F. (1991). The horse radish tree, Moringapterigosperma (Moringaceae). A boon to arid lands? Economy Botany, 45:318-333.
33. Mughal, M. H., Ali, G., Srivastava, P.S. and Igbal, M. (1999). Improvement of drumstick (MoringapterygospernusGaetn) - a unique source of food and medicine through tissue culture. Hamdard Medicine, 42 (1):37- 42.
34. Mellor, S., 2000. Nutraceuticals–alternatives to antibiotics. World poultry-elsevier, 16(2) 30-33.
35. Saleem, R., Ahmed, M., Ahmed, S. I., Azeem, M.,Khan, R. A. and Rasool, N. (2005).Hypotensive activity and toxicology of constituents from root bark of Polyalthialongifoliavar. pendula. Phytotherapy Research. 19:881–4.
36. Sittankove, M. Z., Y. X., Yeo, C. R., Chung, H. L. and Yuk, H.G. (2001). Plant essential oils as active antimicrobial agents. Critical Review in Food Science Nutrition, 54:625-644.
37. Williams, R. J., Spencer, J. P. and Rice-Evans, C. (2004). Flavonoids: antioxidants or signalling molecules? Free Radicals Biology and. Medicine, 36(7): 838-849.
38. Wenk, C. (2000). Recent advances in animal feed additives such as metabolic modifiers, antimicrobial agents, probiotics, enzymes and highly available minerals. Asian-Ausralian Journal Animal Science, 13: 86-95.
39. Amad, A., Manner, K., Wendler, K., Neumann, K. and Zentek, J. (2011). Effects of a phytogenic feed additive on growth performance and ilea nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 90:2811-2816.
40. Bento, M.H., Ouwehand, A.C., Tiihonen, S., Lahtinen, P., Nurminen, P and Fischer, J. (2013). Essential oils and their use in feeds for monogastric animals- effects on feed quality, gut microbiota, growth performance and food safety. VeterinarniMedicina 58(9): 449-458.
41. Kalemba, D and Kunicka, A. (2003). Antibacterial and antifungal properties of essential oils. Current Medicinal Chemistry 10: 813-829.
42. Lee, K.W., Everts, H., Kappert, H.I., Losa, R and Breynen, A.C. (2003). Effect of dietary essential oil composition on growth, digestive enzymes and lipid metabolism in female broiler chickens. British poultry Science 44: 450-457.
43. Lopez, P., Sanchez, C., Batle, R and Nerin, C. (2007). Vapor phase activities of Cinnamon, thyme, oregano essential oil and key constituents against food borne microorganisms. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 55: 4348-4356.
44. Agubosi, O.C.P., Oluwafemi, R.A., andAlagbe, J.O.(2021). Preliminary study on GC-MS analysis of Prosopisafricana seed (African mesquite) oil. Journal of Ethics and Diversity in International Communication 1(4): 18-20.
45. Agubosi, O.C.P., Oluwafemi, R.A and Alagbe, J.O. (2021). The effect of processing on the proximate, mineral and vitamin composition of Neem leaves (Azadirachtaindica) grown in Gwagwalada, FCT, Abuja. Abuja Journal of Agriculture and Environment, 1(1): 293-299.
46. Alagbe, J.O. (2020). Effect of dietary supplementation of CymbopogonCitratus oil on The Performance and Carcass characteristics of broiler chicks. European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience. 8(4): 39-45.
47. Alagbe, J.O., Shittu, M.D and Eunice AbidemiOjo (2020). Prospect of leaf extracts on the performance and blood profile of monogastric – A review. International Journal of Integrated Education. 3(7): 122-127.
48. Shittu, M.Dand Alagbe, J.O.(2020). Phyto-nutritional profiles of broom weed (Sidaacuta) leaf extract. International Journal of Integrated Education. 3(11): 119-124.
49. Alagbe, J.O.,Shittu, M.D and Tanimomo, Babatunde K. (2022). Influence of Anogeissusleio carpus stem bark on the fatty acid composition in meat of broiler chickens. European Journal of Life Safety and Stability 14(22): 13-22.
50. Agubosi, O.C.P., Imudia, FavourDumkenechukwu and Alagbe, J.O. (2022). Evaluation of the nutritional value of air dried and sun-dried sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) peels. European Journal of Life Safety and Stability 14(22): 43-51.
2. Shittu, M.D., Alagbe, J.O., Adejumo, D.O., Ademola, S.G., Abiola, A.O., Samson, B.O and Ushie, F.T. (2021). Productive Performance, Caeca Microbial Population and Immune-Modulatory Activity of Broiler Chicks Fed Different Levels SidaAcuta Leaf Extract in Replacement of Antibiotics. Bioinformatics and Proteomics Open Access Journal 5(1): 000143.
3. Adewale, A.O., Alagbe, J.O., Adeoye, Adekemi. O. (2021). Dietary Supplementation of RauvolfiaVomitoria Root Extract as A Phytogenic Feed Additive in Growing Rabbit Diets: Haematology and serum biochemical indices. International Journal of Orange Technologies, 3(3): 1-12.
4. Singh, A.S., Alagbe, J.O., Sharma, S., Oluwafemi, R.A and Agubosi, O.C.P. (2021). Effect of dietary supplementation of melon (Citralluslinatus) seed oil on the growth performance and antioxidant status of growing rabbits. Journal of Multidimensional Research and Reviews, 2(1): 78-95.
5. Hafeez, A., Manner K., Schieder, C and Zentek, J. (2016). Effect of supplementation of phytogenic feed additives (powdered vs. encapsulated) on performance and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. Poultry Sci., 95: 622–629
6. Upadhaya, S.D., Kim, S.J., Kim, I.H. (2016 b). Effects of gel-based phytogenic feed supplement on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics and intestinal morphology in weanling pigs. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 44: 384–389.
7. Jamroz, D., Wertelecki T., Houszka M., Kamel, C. (2006). Influence of diet type on the inclusion of plant origin active substances on morphological and histochemical characteristics of the stomach and jejunum walls in chicken. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 90: 255–268.
8. Platel, K., Srinivasan K. (2004). Digestive stimulant action of spices: A myth or reality? Indian J. Med. Res., 119: 167–179.
9. Ultee, A., Bennik, H. J. and Moezelaar, R. (2002). The phenolic hydroxyl group of carvacrol is essential for action against the food-borne pathogen, Bacillus cereus. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 3:1561-1568.
10. Zhang, Y., Gong, J., Yu, H., Guo, Q., Defelice, C, and Hernandez, M. (2005). Alginate-whey protein dry powder optimized for target delivery of essential oils to the intestine of chickens. Poultry Science, 93:2514-2525.
11. A.O.A.C. (2000). Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis 19th Edition Washington, D.C Pages 69-77.
12. Aduku, A. O. (1994). Nutrient requirement of chicken. Feed ingredient analysis table and their uses. In: Revamping poultry production, feeding and management training manual. Edited by S. O. Ogundipe, O. O. Oni and A. A. Sekoni, NSPRI/ ABU Shika- Zaria.
13. Alagbe, J. O. and Oluwafemi, R. A. (2019). Performance and hematological parameters of broiler chicks given different level of dried lemon grass and garlic extract. Research in: Agricultural and Veterinary Science, 3(2): 102-111.
14. Alagbe, J. O. (2021). Dietary Supplementation of RauvolfiaVomitoria Root Extract as A Phytogenic Feed Additive in Growing Rabbit Diets: Growth Performance and Caeca Microbial Population. Concept of Dairy and Veterinary Science, 4(2):409-416
15. APG (2009). An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161(2):105-121
16. Chen, C. Y., Chang, F. R., Shih, Y. C., Hsieh, T. J., Chia, Y. C., Tseng, H. Y., et al (2000). Cytotoxic constituents of Polyalthialongifoliavar. pendula. Journal of Natural Product, 63:1475–8.
17. Atawodi, S., Atawodi J., Idakwo, G., Pfundstein B., Haubner, R., Wurtele G., Bartsch, H. and Owen R. (2010). Evaluation of the polyphenol content and antioxidant properties of methanol extracts of the leaves, stem, and root barks of Moringaoleifera Lamarck. Journal of medicinal food, 13: 710-716.
18. Faizi, S., Mughal, N. R., Khan, R. A., Khan, S. A., Ahmad, A. and Bibi N. (2003). Evaluation of the antimicrobial property of Polyalthialongifoliavar. pendula: isolation of a lactone as the active antibacterial agent from the ethanol extract of the stem. Phytotherapy Research.17:1177–81.
19. Faleiro, M. L., Miguel, M. G. Ladeiro, F., Venancio, F., Taveres, R., Brito, J. C., Figueiredo, A. C., Barroso, J. G. and Pedro, L. G. (2003). Antimicrobial activity of essential oils isolated from Portuguese endemic species of Thymus. Letters in applied microbiology, 36: 35-40.
20. Galeotti, F., Barile, E..Curir, P., Dolci, M. and Lanzotti, V. (2008). Flavonoids from carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) and their antifungal activity. Phytochemistry Letter. 1: 44.
21. Ojewuyi, O. B., Ajiboye, T. O., Adebanjo, E. O., Balogun, A. and Mohammed, A. O. (2014). Proximate composition, phytochemical and mineral contents of young and mature Polyalthialongifolia Leaves. Fountain Journal of Natural and Applied Science, 3: 10-19
22. Olafadehan, O. A., Oluwafemi, R. A. and Alagbe, J.O. (2020). Carcass quality, nutrient retention and caeca microbial population of broiler chicks administered Rolfe (Danielliaoliveri) leaf extract as an antibiotic alternative. Journal of Drug Discovery. 14(33):146-154.
23. Olson, E. and Razafimandimbison, S. G. (2000): Moringahildebrandtii(Moringaceae): a tree extinct in the wild but preserved by indigenous horticultural practices in Madagascar. Adansonia 22 (2): 217-221,
24. Olson, M. E. (2002). Intergeneric relationships within the Caricaceae-Moringacecae clade (Brassicales), and potential morphological synapomorphies of the clade and its families. International Journal of Plant Science, 163:51-65
25. Oluwafemi, R. A., Bamigboye, S. O., Agbonika, D. A. and Maduekwe, I. M. (2020). Effect of dietary supplementation of garlic (Allium sativum) oil on the growth performance, carcass quality, and cost implication of broiler chickens. Electronic research journal of engineering, computer and applied science, 2: 117-126
26. Oluwafemi, R. A., Egwuiyi. G. N and Alagbe, J. O. (2020). Effect of feeding Polylathialongifolia leaf meal as partial replacement of wheat offal. European Journal of Agricultural and Rural Education. 1(1), 8-16.
27. Ramachandran, C., Peter, K. V. and Gopalakrishnan, P. K. (1980). Drumstick (Moringaoleifera) a multipurpose Indian vegetable. Economy Botany, 34, 276-283.
28. Olafadehan, O.A., Oluwafemi, R.A and Alagbe, J.O. (2020). Performance, haematobiochemical parameters of broiler chicks administered Rolfe (Danielliaoliveri) leaf extract as an antibiotic alternative. Advances in Research and Reviews, 2020, 1:4.
29. Alagbe J.O, Shittu MD, AjagbeAdekunle David. (2020). Albizialebbeck stem bark aqueous extract as alternative to antibiotic feed additives in broiler chicks’ diets: performance and nutrient retention. International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology, 3(5):000237.
30. Alagbe, J.O., Adeoye, Adekemi and Oluwatobi, O.A. (2020). Proximate and mineral analysis of Delonixregia leaves and roots. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3(10): 144-149.
31. Alagbe, J.O., Sharma, R., Eunice AbidemiOjo, Shittu, M.D and Bello KamoruAtanda (2020). Chemical evaluation of the proximate, minerals, vitamins and phytochemical analysis of Danielliaoliveri stem bark. International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies, 2(1):16-22
32. Morton, J. F. (1991). The horse radish tree, Moringapterigosperma (Moringaceae). A boon to arid lands? Economy Botany, 45:318-333.
33. Mughal, M. H., Ali, G., Srivastava, P.S. and Igbal, M. (1999). Improvement of drumstick (MoringapterygospernusGaetn) - a unique source of food and medicine through tissue culture. Hamdard Medicine, 42 (1):37- 42.
34. Mellor, S., 2000. Nutraceuticals–alternatives to antibiotics. World poultry-elsevier, 16(2) 30-33.
35. Saleem, R., Ahmed, M., Ahmed, S. I., Azeem, M.,Khan, R. A. and Rasool, N. (2005).Hypotensive activity and toxicology of constituents from root bark of Polyalthialongifoliavar. pendula. Phytotherapy Research. 19:881–4.
36. Sittankove, M. Z., Y. X., Yeo, C. R., Chung, H. L. and Yuk, H.G. (2001). Plant essential oils as active antimicrobial agents. Critical Review in Food Science Nutrition, 54:625-644.
37. Williams, R. J., Spencer, J. P. and Rice-Evans, C. (2004). Flavonoids: antioxidants or signalling molecules? Free Radicals Biology and. Medicine, 36(7): 838-849.
38. Wenk, C. (2000). Recent advances in animal feed additives such as metabolic modifiers, antimicrobial agents, probiotics, enzymes and highly available minerals. Asian-Ausralian Journal Animal Science, 13: 86-95.
39. Amad, A., Manner, K., Wendler, K., Neumann, K. and Zentek, J. (2011). Effects of a phytogenic feed additive on growth performance and ilea nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 90:2811-2816.
40. Bento, M.H., Ouwehand, A.C., Tiihonen, S., Lahtinen, P., Nurminen, P and Fischer, J. (2013). Essential oils and their use in feeds for monogastric animals- effects on feed quality, gut microbiota, growth performance and food safety. VeterinarniMedicina 58(9): 449-458.
41. Kalemba, D and Kunicka, A. (2003). Antibacterial and antifungal properties of essential oils. Current Medicinal Chemistry 10: 813-829.
42. Lee, K.W., Everts, H., Kappert, H.I., Losa, R and Breynen, A.C. (2003). Effect of dietary essential oil composition on growth, digestive enzymes and lipid metabolism in female broiler chickens. British poultry Science 44: 450-457.
43. Lopez, P., Sanchez, C., Batle, R and Nerin, C. (2007). Vapor phase activities of Cinnamon, thyme, oregano essential oil and key constituents against food borne microorganisms. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 55: 4348-4356.
44. Agubosi, O.C.P., Oluwafemi, R.A., andAlagbe, J.O.(2021). Preliminary study on GC-MS analysis of Prosopisafricana seed (African mesquite) oil. Journal of Ethics and Diversity in International Communication 1(4): 18-20.
45. Agubosi, O.C.P., Oluwafemi, R.A and Alagbe, J.O. (2021). The effect of processing on the proximate, mineral and vitamin composition of Neem leaves (Azadirachtaindica) grown in Gwagwalada, FCT, Abuja. Abuja Journal of Agriculture and Environment, 1(1): 293-299.
46. Alagbe, J.O. (2020). Effect of dietary supplementation of CymbopogonCitratus oil on The Performance and Carcass characteristics of broiler chicks. European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience. 8(4): 39-45.
47. Alagbe, J.O., Shittu, M.D and Eunice AbidemiOjo (2020). Prospect of leaf extracts on the performance and blood profile of monogastric – A review. International Journal of Integrated Education. 3(7): 122-127.
48. Shittu, M.Dand Alagbe, J.O.(2020). Phyto-nutritional profiles of broom weed (Sidaacuta) leaf extract. International Journal of Integrated Education. 3(11): 119-124.
49. Alagbe, J.O.,Shittu, M.D and Tanimomo, Babatunde K. (2022). Influence of Anogeissusleio carpus stem bark on the fatty acid composition in meat of broiler chickens. European Journal of Life Safety and Stability 14(22): 13-22.
50. Agubosi, O.C.P., Imudia, FavourDumkenechukwu and Alagbe, J.O. (2022). Evaluation of the nutritional value of air dried and sun-dried sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) peels. European Journal of Life Safety and Stability 14(22): 43-51.
Published
2022-03-10
How to Cite
P., A. O. C., Bisola, S. M., & O, A. J. (2022). Effect of Dietary Inclusion Levels of Moringaolerifera Oil on the Growth Performance and Nutrient Retention of Broiler Starter Chicks. Central Asian Journal of Theoretical and Applied Science, 3(3), 30-39. Retrieved from https://cajotas.centralasianstudies.org/index.php/CAJOTAS/article/view/420
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