An Investigation into Factors Hindering Effective Uptake of Vaccine Among Children who are Below Five (5) in Akinyele Local Government Area Ibadan Oyo State, Nigeria

Abstract

The objective of this study was to find out the variables preventing effective vaccine uptake among children under the age of five in the Akinyele Local Government Area of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 402 women. A cross sectional study design was used to assess the factors hindering effective uptake of vaccine among under 5 children in Akinyele Local government area Ibadan Oyo State. A descriptive analysis was used and data were presented in tables and frequency, inferential statistics was used to determine the level of significant between independents and dependents variables at p less than 0.05, also A logistic regression analysis was done to explore how each of the factors influences utilization of vaccine in under-five children. The study collected indicated that majority of the children (64.9%) had incomplete vaccine utilization status. 92.5% of children have received oral polio vaccine at one time or the other. 88.3% of these children had immunization car ds. The mean age of the children was 28.3±13.7 months. More than half 52.2% of the mothers have good knowledge of vaccination. To analyse the utilization of the specific vaccines; frequency and proportion was used and their utilization was found to be BCG (83.1), DPT (88.6%), HBV (88.6), Hib (88.6), OPV (92.5),Yellow fever (53.5) respectively. Chi-square was used to investigate association between selected variables and utilization of vaccine. To analyse the factors affecting the utilization of vaccines among selected variables both bivariate and multivariate statistics were employed for analysis. The multiple logistic regression was further used to investigate factors that were significant at 5% level of significance. Education of mothers, occupation of mother, Religion, Locus of decision making power, Wealth index, Antenatal care attendance, Distance to health centers, long waiting hours, vaccine availability. In the multivariate analysis children whose mother completed secondary education were fifteen times more likely than those whose mother had no formal education to utilize vaccine (OR=14.72, 95% CI=2.46-87.98).