Crop Protectant From Pest By Neem (Azadirachta Indica) Oil Bioinsecticide
Keywords:
Neem oil, Crop production, Azadirachtin, Protectant
Abstract
Agriculture plays an important role in the socio economic status of country because it provides a lot of products like food, biofuel, fibre. However, these products most especially, food is highly threatened by pests hence, farmers have resulted to the use of synthetic pesticides in order to control or manage the adverse effect of pest on crops and stored food produce. These chemical pesticides are both environmentally and humanly unfriending. Therefore, this work seeks to evaluate the use of Neem oil as a bio-pesticide by characterizing the extracted oil. To ensure that the seed used for the extraction was of good quality and ecofriendly, the moisture content (%) and the Ash Content (%) were evaluated. From the result obtained, both quantities were 9.67% and 0.143% for moisture content and Ash content respectively. Further analysis showed that the oil Thin Layer Chromatography analysis yielded 0.7065. This showed that the oil has a high level of azadirachtin, the compound responsible for the insecticide ability of Neem. The water solubility of the oil was 99.93 while the specific gravity, flash point, pH, saponification value, peroxide value, refractive index, acid value and the iodine value were 0.934 g/cm3, 248 , 4.133, 196mgKOH/g, 7(meq/Kg), 1.4567, 14.33(mgKOH/g), and 75.08(mg I2/100 g) respectively. These values were found to be with the range of Neem oil used in the product of bio-pesticides.
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References
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E. V. R. Campos, J. L. de Oliveir, M. Pascoli, R. de Lima and L. F. Fraceto, “Neem Oil and Crop Protection: From Now to the Future”, Front. Plant Sci. 7:1494, 2016 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01494
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B. Gosse´, A. A. Amissa, F. A. Adje´, F. B. Niamke´ et. al., “Analysis of Components of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Oil by Diverse Chromatographic Techniques”, Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, 28: 2225–2233, 2005.
K. V. Usharani, D. Naik and R. L. Manjunatha, “Neem as an organic plant protectant in agriculture”, Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry,; 8(3): 4176-4184, 2019.
M. Nicoletti, V. Petitto, F. R. Gallo, G. Multari, E. Federici, P. G. Themodern, “Analytical Determination of Botanicals and Similar Novel Natural Products by the HPTLC Fingerprint Approach”, Studies National Product Chemistry, 37:217-258, 2012.
G. Narsing Rao, P. G. Prabhakara Rao, and A. Satyanarayana, “Chemical, Fatty Acid, Volatile Oil Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Shade Dried Neem (Azadirachta indica L.) Flower Powder”, International Food Research Journal, 21(2):807-813, 2014.
T. S. Djenontin, V. D. Wotto, F. Avlessi, P. Lozano, D. K. C. Sohounhloue, and D. Pioch, “Composition of Azadirachta indica and Carapa procera (Meliaceae) Seed Oils and Cakes Obtained After Oil Extraction”, Indian Crops Products, 38(1):39-45, 2012.
D. Mongkholkhajornsilp, S. Douglas, P. L. Douglas, A. Elkamel, W. Teppaitoon, and S. Pongamphai, “Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Nimbin from Neem Seeds-A Modelling Study”, Journal of Food Engineering, 71:331-340, 2005.
S. R Swapna, K. Ramalakshmi and S. K. Udaya, “Characterization of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) Seed Volatile Compounds Obtained by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Process”, Journal of food science and technology, 55(4), 1444–1454, 2018.
C. Cox “Pyrethrins/pyrethrum insecticide fact sheet”, Journal of Pesticide Reform, 22: 14-20, 2002.
P. K. Gupta, Y. C. Tripathai and M. Rathore, “Variation in Chemical Composition of Seeds of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) from Different Agro-climate Zones of Gujarat”, Journal of Non-timber Forest Products, vol. 5(1/2) 10-13, 1998.
G. Brahmachari G. Neem-An omnipotent plant: A retrospection”, Chemical and Biological Chemistry, 5:408-421, 2004
Lucantoni L, Giusti F, Cristofaro M, Pasqualini L, Esposito F, Lupetti P., “Effects of a neem extract on blood feeding, oviposition and oocyte ultrastructure in Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae)”, Tissue Cell, 2006; 38: 361–371.
Chandramohan B, Murugan K, Madhiyazhagan P, Kovendan K, Kumar PM, Panneerselvam C. Neem by-products in the fight against mosquito-borne diseases: biotoxicity of neem cake fractions towards the rural malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies (Diptera: Culicidae). Asian Pac. Journal of Tropical Biomedical, 6:472-476, 2016.
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Published
2021-02-28
How to Cite
R. E. Nnnam, O. I. Okoro, A. N. Oko, & C. O. Oji. (2021). Crop Protectant From Pest By Neem (Azadirachta Indica) Oil Bioinsecticide. Central Asian Journal of Theoretical and Applied Science, 2(2), 63-76. Retrieved from https://cajotas.centralasianstudies.org/index.php/CAJOTAS/article/view/73
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