In Vitro Evaluation of Binding of Fish Mucus by Nanoparticles Induce Oxidative Stress on Nile Tilapia
Keywords:
Oxidative, Nanoparticles
Abstract
The emerging species of fish, Nile tilapia have extremely practical importance in the field of aquaculture in Pakistan and other country of Asian subcontinents. The natural fresh water bodies are quickly contaminated with the various harmful chemicals the improvement in industrialization. The main objective of this research was to designate the fish mucus in respect to its biochemical investigation and representation. This involves various procedures such as agar diffusion for assessment of antimicrobial activity. And total phenolic content was also be inspected and as well as the total flavonoid content (TFC) of mucus obtained from fish. The cytotoxicity of mucus of fish was checked by the haemolytic and thrombolytic tests. Moreover, various other techniques such as UV-visible spectra, FTIR was used for the assessment of biochemical processes. The greatest inhibition zone was observed in S.areus and lowest zone of inhibition for saline mucus in P. multocida. Protein contents in fish mucus. Similarly, from characterization point of view, FTIR results in fish mucus showed the presence of aliphatic primary amines (N-H) and alkenes as a functional group (C=C) at different peaks of spectrum .The results obtain were analyzed through mean and standard deviations.
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References
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28. Nagashima, Y., N. Kikuchi, K. Shimakura and K. Shiomi. 2003. Purification and characterization of an antibacterial protein in the skin secretion of rockfish Sebastes schlegeli. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 136: 63-71.
29. Najafian, L. and A. S. Babji. 2012. A review of fish-derived antioxidant and antimicrobial peptides: Their production, assessment, and applications. Peptides, 33: 178-185.
30. Noga, E. J. 2000. Skin ulcers in fish: Pfiesteria and other etiologies. Toxicologic. Pathol., 28: 807-823.
31. Nwabueze, A. 2011. Public Health Implications of Aquatic Snails around Fish Ponds in Owe, Delta State. Int.J. Agric. Rural Develop (IJARD), 14: 652-656.
32. Palakash, KJ., G.W. Shin, Y.R Kim, and T.S Jung. 2008. Evaluation of non-specific immune components from the skin mucus of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Fish Shellfish Immunol., 24: 479-488.
33. Ritvo, G., M. Kochba, and Y. Avnimelech. 2004. The effects of common carp bioturbation on fishpond bottom soil. Aquaculture. 242: 345-356.
34. Sarmasik, A. 2002. Antimicrobial peptides: a potential therapeutic alternative for the treatment of fish diseases. Turk. J. Biol., 26: 201- 207.
35. Sarmasik, A. 2002. Antimicrobial peptides: a potential therapeutic alternative for the treatment of fish diseases. Turk. J. Biol., 26: 201- 207.
36. Schaeck, M., W.A.D. Broeck, K. Hermans, and A. Decostere. 2013. Fish as a research tool an alternative to in vivo experiments. ALTA .41:219-29.
37. Shephard, K. L. 1994. Functions for fish mucus. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish., 4: 401-429.
38. Subramanian, S., N. W. Ross, and S. L. MacKinnon. 2008. Comparison of the biochemical composition of normal epidermal mucus and extruded slime of hagfish (Myxine glutinosa L.). Fish and Shellfish Immunol., 25: 625–632.
39. Tirupathi, RG., B.K. Suresh, J.U. Kumar, P. Sujana, A.V. Raoa , and A.S. Sreedhar. 2011. Anti-microbial principles of selected remedial plants from Southern India. Asian. Pac .J .Trop. Biomed., 1: 298-305.
40. Wei, O.Y., R. Xavier, and K. Marimuthu. 2010. Screening of antibacterial activity of mucus extract of snakehead fish, Channa straitus (Bloch). Eur .Rev .Med Pharmacol. Sci.,14: 675-81.
41. Whyte, S.K. 2007. The innate immune response of fin fish a review of current knowledge. Fish and Shellfish Immunol., 23 :1127–1151
42. Jill, P. and G. S. Zamzow. 2002. Ultraviolet radiation absorbance by coral reef fish mucus: photo-protection and visual communication. Envir. Biol. Fishes., 63: 41-47.
2. Balakumar, S., S. Rajan, T. Thirunalasundari and S. Jeeva. 2011. Antifungal activity of Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa (Rutaceae) leaf extract on dermatophytes. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed., 1 : 309-312.
3. Banaee, M., A.R., A.R. Mirvagefei, K. Ahmadi and R. Ashori. 2009. The effect of Diazinon on histopathological changes of testes and ovaries of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Sci J Marine Biol., 1:25-35.
4. Bansil R., E. Stanley and J.T. LaMont J.T. 1995. Mucin Biophysics. Annual Review of Physiol., 57: 635–657.
5. Bergsson, G., B. Agerberth, H. J¨ornvall and G. H. Gud- mundsson. 2005. Isolation and identification of antimicrobial components from the epidermal mucus of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). FEBS Journal, 19: 4960-4969.
6. Chong, K., S. Joshi, L.T. Jin and A. E. Shu-Chien. 2006. Proteomics profiling of epidermal mucus secretion of a cichlid (Symphysodon aequifasciata) demonstrating parental care behavior. Proteomics, 6: 2251–2258.
7. Chong, K., S. Joshi, L.T. Jin and A. E. Shu-Chien. 2006. Proteomics profiling of epidermal mucus secretion of a cichlid (Symphysodon aequifasciata) demonstrating parental care behavior. Proteomics, 6: 2251–2258.
8. Cordero, H., M. F. Brinchmann, A. Cuesta, J. Meseguer and M. A. Esteban. 2015. Skin mucus proteome map of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), Proteomics in marine organisms. 15:4007-4020.
9. Ellis, A.E. 2001. The immunology of teleost, In: Roberts RJ (Ed), Fish Pathology, 3rd edition. 133-150.
10. Ersoy, B. and A. Ozeron. 2009. “The effect of cooking methods on mineral and vitamin contents of African catfish,” Food Chem., 115: 419-422.
11. Esteban, M. A. 2012. An overview of the immunological defenses in fish skin. ISRN Immunol., 1-29.
12. Esteban, M. A. 2012. An overview of the immunological defenses in fish skin. ISRN Immunol., 1-29.
13. Fast, M. D., D.E. Sims, J.F. Burka, A. Mustafa and N.W. Ross. 2002. Skin morphology and humoral non-specific defense parameters of mucus and plasma in rainbow trout, coho and Atlantic salmon. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Mol. Integer. Physiol., 132: 645-657.
14. Garcia-Moreno, P.J .2014. Antioxidant activity of protein hydrolysates obtained from discarded Mediterranean fish species. Food Res. Int., 65: 469-476. Klesius, P.H., C.A. Shoemaker, J.J. Evans. 2008 .Flavobacterium columnar chemotaxis to channel catfish mucus FEMS. Microbiol. Lett., 288: 216-220
15. Gon, Y., T. Sasada, M. Matsui, S. Hashimoto, Y. Takagi, S.Iwata, H. Wada, T. Horie, and J. Yodoi. 2001. Expression of thioredoxin in bleomycin injured airway epithelium. Possible role of protection against bleomycin induced epithelial injury. Life Sci., 68: 1877–1888.
16. Hellio C, A. M. Pons, C. Beaupoil, N. Bourgougnon and Y. L. Gal. 2002. Antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities of extracts from fish epidermis and epidermal mucus. Int. J. Anti-microbes. Agents., 20: 214-219.
17. Jin, J. Y., L. Zhou, Y. Wang, Z. Li, J. G. Zhao, Q. Y. Zhang, J. F. Gui. 2010. Antibacterial and antiviral roles of a fish beta-defensin expressed both in pituitary and testis. J. Vet. Ani. Sci., 27: 827-832.
18. Jurado, J., C. A. Fuentes-Almagro, F. A. Guardiola, A. Cuesta, M. Á. Esteban and M. J. Prieto-Álamo. 2015. Proteomic profile of the skin mucus of farmed gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). J. Proteom., 120: 21-34.
19. Kasai, K., T. Ishikawa, T. Komata, K. Fukuchi, M. Chiba, H. Nozaka and T. Miura. 2009. Novel l-amino acid oxidase with antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from epidermal mucus of the flounder Platichthys stellatus. J. Biochem. FEBS, 277: 453-465.
20. Khan, M. N., K. Shahzad, A. Chatta, M. Sohail, M. Piria, T. Treer. 2016. A review of introduction of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in Pakistan: origin, purpose, impact and management. Croatian J. Fisheries, 74: 71-80.
21. Kumari, U., M. Yashpal, S. Mittal, A. K. Mittal. 2009. Histo- chemical analysis of glycoproteins in the secretory cells in the gill epithelium of a catfish, Rita rita (Siluriformes, Bagridae). Tiss. Cell., 41: 271-280.
22. Larsen M. H., J. L. Larsen and J. E. Olsen. 2001. Chemotaxis of Vibrio anguillarum to fish mucus: role of the origin of the fish mucus, the fish species and the serogroup of the pathogen. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 38: 77-80.
23. Magnado, B., l. Lange and S. Gudmundsdottir, J. Bogwald, and R.A. Dalmo. 2005. Ontogeny of humoral immune parameters in the fish, Fish and Shell fish Immunol, 19: 429– 439.
24. Manivasagan, P., N. Annamalai, S. Ashokkumar and P. Sampathkumar. 2009. Studies on the proteinaceous gel secretion from the skin of the catfish, Arius maculatus (Thunberg, 1792). Afr. J. Biotechnol., 8: 7125-7129.
25. Manivasagan, P., N. Annamalai, S. Ashokkumar and P. Sampathkumar. 2009. Studies on the proteinaceous gel secretion from the skin of the catfish, Arius maculatus (Thunberg, 1792). Afr. J. Biotechnol., 8: 7125-7129.
26. Marel, M. V., N. Caspari, H. Neuhaus, W. Meyer, M. L. Enss and D. Steinhagen. 2010. Changes in skin mucus of nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L., after exposure to water with a high bacterial load. J. Fish Dis., 33: 431-439.
27. Mozumder, M. 2005. Antimicrobial Activity in fish mucus from farmed fish Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromso, Norway .84: 159-166.
28. Nagashima, Y., N. Kikuchi, K. Shimakura and K. Shiomi. 2003. Purification and characterization of an antibacterial protein in the skin secretion of rockfish Sebastes schlegeli. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 136: 63-71.
29. Najafian, L. and A. S. Babji. 2012. A review of fish-derived antioxidant and antimicrobial peptides: Their production, assessment, and applications. Peptides, 33: 178-185.
30. Noga, E. J. 2000. Skin ulcers in fish: Pfiesteria and other etiologies. Toxicologic. Pathol., 28: 807-823.
31. Nwabueze, A. 2011. Public Health Implications of Aquatic Snails around Fish Ponds in Owe, Delta State. Int.J. Agric. Rural Develop (IJARD), 14: 652-656.
32. Palakash, KJ., G.W. Shin, Y.R Kim, and T.S Jung. 2008. Evaluation of non-specific immune components from the skin mucus of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Fish Shellfish Immunol., 24: 479-488.
33. Ritvo, G., M. Kochba, and Y. Avnimelech. 2004. The effects of common carp bioturbation on fishpond bottom soil. Aquaculture. 242: 345-356.
34. Sarmasik, A. 2002. Antimicrobial peptides: a potential therapeutic alternative for the treatment of fish diseases. Turk. J. Biol., 26: 201- 207.
35. Sarmasik, A. 2002. Antimicrobial peptides: a potential therapeutic alternative for the treatment of fish diseases. Turk. J. Biol., 26: 201- 207.
36. Schaeck, M., W.A.D. Broeck, K. Hermans, and A. Decostere. 2013. Fish as a research tool an alternative to in vivo experiments. ALTA .41:219-29.
37. Shephard, K. L. 1994. Functions for fish mucus. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish., 4: 401-429.
38. Subramanian, S., N. W. Ross, and S. L. MacKinnon. 2008. Comparison of the biochemical composition of normal epidermal mucus and extruded slime of hagfish (Myxine glutinosa L.). Fish and Shellfish Immunol., 25: 625–632.
39. Tirupathi, RG., B.K. Suresh, J.U. Kumar, P. Sujana, A.V. Raoa , and A.S. Sreedhar. 2011. Anti-microbial principles of selected remedial plants from Southern India. Asian. Pac .J .Trop. Biomed., 1: 298-305.
40. Wei, O.Y., R. Xavier, and K. Marimuthu. 2010. Screening of antibacterial activity of mucus extract of snakehead fish, Channa straitus (Bloch). Eur .Rev .Med Pharmacol. Sci.,14: 675-81.
41. Whyte, S.K. 2007. The innate immune response of fin fish a review of current knowledge. Fish and Shellfish Immunol., 23 :1127–1151
42. Jill, P. and G. S. Zamzow. 2002. Ultraviolet radiation absorbance by coral reef fish mucus: photo-protection and visual communication. Envir. Biol. Fishes., 63: 41-47.
Published
2022-07-22
How to Cite
Ahmad, Z., Uzair, M. A., Shahid, M. J., Khan, I., & Aslam, M. (2022). In Vitro Evaluation of Binding of Fish Mucus by Nanoparticles Induce Oxidative Stress on Nile Tilapia. Central Asian Journal of Theoretical and Applied Science, 3(7), 161-174. Retrieved from https://cajotas.centralasianstudies.org/index.php/CAJOTAS/article/view/816
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