Central Asian Journal of Theoretical and Applied Science

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Study of The Adsorption of Some Amines on The Surface of Bay Leaves

Munaf Khalaf Mahmood — 2025-08-03

This research conducted a thermodynamic and kinetic investigation of the adsorption of environmentally detrimental organic amino compounds, such as aniline and diphenylamine, from aqueous solutions onto bay leaves as an adsorbent. The study examined the influence of various factors on adsorption, including initial adsorbate concentration, pH, and temperature. Additionally, adsorption isotherms were determined. The findings revealed that the interaction between the amino compounds and the bay leaf surface was rapid, reaching equilibrium within 50-70 minutes. Furthermore, adsorption increased with an increase in adsorbent dosage. Temperature and pH impacted adsorption significantly; higher temperatures and acidic conditions (pH 7) favored increased adsorption. The adsorption isotherms indicated a non-spontaneous process. Correlation coefficient analysis revealed a strong resemblance between the experimental data and the Freundlich isotherm while deviating from the Langmuir isotherm. Regarding adsorption kinetics, the study concluded that the process followed a pseudo-second-order model.

Determining the Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria in Nasal Swabs from Restaurant Workers in Al- Kut City

Mohammed Hassan Aubed — 2025-08-03

Antibiotic resistance represents a global challenge to modern medicine, and among the most critical resistant pathogens is Staphylococcus aureus, particularly methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and the patterns of antibiotic resistance among nasal swab samples collected from restaurant workers in Al-Kut City. A total of 110 nasal swabs were obtained from food handlers and analyzed using standard microbiological techniques, including selective culturing on mannitol salt agar, coagulase testing, and Vitek2 identification. The D-test was used to assess inducible clindamycin resistance in MRSA isolates. Of the samples analyzed, 23 tested positive for Staphylococcus aureus, with 16 identified as MRSA and 9 as methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). Antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed varying resistance rates among isolates, including 60.8% resistance to cefoxitin, 73.9% to oxacillin, 43.4% to vancomycin, 65.2% to erythromycin, 43.4% to clindamycin, 47.8% to ciprofloxacin, 17.4% to gentamicin, and 4.4% to chloramphenicol. These findings suggest a high prevalence of S. aureus carriage and antibiotic resistance among food handlers, underscoring the necessity of implementing regular screening and treatment programs in the food service industry to mitigate the risk of staphylococcal foodborne infections and protect public health.

Adsorption and Extortion, Their Role in Inhibiting Corrosion Rate, and Calculating Thermodynamic Functions

Mutlak Saud Khalaf — 2025-08-04

The adsorption of reactants by a catalyst (solid) in a heterogeneous catalyst flowing in a gaseous medium or in solutions was calculated. In thermodynamic functions, adsorption is accompanied by a decrease in the standard free energy of Gibbs because it is a spontaneous process. Therefore, it is accompanied by a decrease in entropy and enthalpy The free energy values at temperatures (293, 303, 313, 323) were (58.286, 53.746, 55.846, 57.066) respectively. The free energy, enthalpy and entropy were also calculated from the Capps relationship, using the equilibrium constants with temperature. The values of corrosion rate and surface coverage ratio (ᶿ) were calculated in (0.1M) sulfuric acid in the absence of inhibitors. The values of corrosion and ratio (ᶿ) at a temperature of (300 K) were (12.08, 966^5-10×) respectively,and Each metal has a certain number of active centers, which results in the amount( ᶿ), which represents the center covered by molecules through chemical adsorption. The gravimetric method is also used, where vacuum devices are used, including balances, and the measurement is carried out by weighing the adsorption surface (0.0000000001) g of the substance. A corrosion cell is also used to protect the metal, where anode-type electrodes are used, made of a metal more active than the metal to be protected. The corrosion cell consists of an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte, and a salt bridge.

Operational Reliability of the Pumping Station of the Karshi Main Canal

Rustam Xujakulov — 2025-08-08

The main goal of increasing the reliability of cascades of pumping stations of mechanical water lifting systems includes calculating the reliability of main facilities. Identification of the main problems of reliability and safety of operation of cascades is based on the stated theoretical premises. Effective measures to combat sediment and driftwood during water intake from the river into supply canals are considered. Using a full-scale survey of water intakes, digital modeling of the developed mathematical models of the supply channel of the main Karshi and Kuyumazar pumping stations was carried out with algorithms for calculating their operating modes. clarification of the physical nature of failures, especially emergency shutdowns. Studies taking into account non-stationary pressure pulsations in pumps, especially the interaction of mating units and working parts of the pump, have established a connection between pressure pulsations and flow structure, as well as a decrease in reliability when parameters change. The applied parametric diagnostics made it possible to estimate the spectrum of vibration acceleration amplitude on the pump impeller chamber. Mathematical models have been created for pressure pipelines of large-diameter pumping stations. Dependencies for calculating the total longitudinal and transverse vibrations of the pipeline with their interaction are proposed. Increasing reliability during the rehabilitation of cascades will significantly increase the service life of structures and pumping equipment, ensuring a guaranteed water supply.

Study of The Effect of Using Some Feed Additives on Milk Production and Some of Its Components in Ruminants (Review Article)

Fallah Hassan Abdel-Lattif — 2025-08-10

This study aims to know the influence of consuming some feed additives in ruminant rations on milk production and some of its components. It was found that adding fenugreek seeds to the ration of Damascus goats had a significant effect in increasing milk production, while milk production increased and fat percentage decreased significantly in Awassi ewes, in local Sharabi cows, milk production and fat percentage increased significantly. Adding anise seeds to the ration of Holstein cows led to a significant increase in milk production and its components ( fat, protein and lactose percentage). Adding flax seeds to the ration of Holstein Friesian cows led to a significant increase in milk production while its components were not affected. Milk production and fat percentage increased significantly in Anglo-Nubian goats and Friesian cows when sesame seeds meal was added to the ration.

Theoretical Study of Amide Derivative as Corrosion Inhibitor

Maha M. Mahmood — 2025-08-12

Quantum simulations using semi-empirical PM3 and Density Functional Theory (DFT) techniques based on B3LYP/(6-311G), (2d,2p) were used to theoretically investigate corrosion inhibitors. Essential quantum chemistry parameters, such as E_HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital energy) and E_LUMO (lowest molecular orbital energy), were found to correlate with the effectiveness of amide derivative N-((1R)-((3a,7a-dihydrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)thio)(pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-N-(4-nitrophenyl)acetamide compound [A] as corrosion inhibitor. Energy gap, electron affinity (EA), hardness (EA), dipole moment (μ), softness (S), ionization potential (IE), absolute electron negativity (χ), and global electrophilicity index (ω) are among the other parameters that are also examined. By pointing out reactive centers and possible locations for nucleophilic and electrophilic assaults, the Mulliken population was also crucial in determining a local reactivity. Theoretical predictions indicate that the compound [A] is superior as a corrosion inhibitor.

Modern Geographical Maps and Geospatial Technologies and Their Role in Supporting Planning and Development Decisions – An Analytical and Applied Study

Prof. Dr. Azhar Hussein Razuqi — 2025-08-12

Considering the digital and information revolution witnessed globally, reliance on spatial data through modern geographical maps and technologies has become a fundamental element in planning and decision-making processes. Maps have evolved from being traditional descriptive tools into dynamic analytical systems that represent and interpret spatial reality in interactive and precise ways. The emergence of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), and the Global Positioning System (GPS) has brought about a qualitative shift in understanding and analyzing geographical phenomena. Today, maps are no longer static documents used solely for guidance and location determination; they have become advanced analytical tools capable of integrating massive amounts of data, processing them, and presenting results that serve urban planning, resource management, sustainable development, disaster response, and other geospatial applications. Thus, it becomes essential to study the relationship between modern geographical maps and geospatial technologies to identify their potential in improving planning performance and enhancing spatial vision for decision-makers. This research aims to systematically investigate this integration by tracing the development of maps, analyzing the role of GIS and related technologies, and presenting a practical application on a selected study area, focusing on the benefits and challenges of using these tools in developmental contexts.