Central Asian Journal of Theoretical and Applied Science

Low-Cost Arduino LoRa Transmitter for Monitoring PV Systems

May Adnan Falih — 2024-05-14

This study addresses the need for cost-effective supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems to monitor and control grid-connected inverter units and battery energy storage systems in remote photovoltaic (PV) plants. By leveraging Internet of Things (IoT) technology and open-source platforms, a novel SCADA model based on LoRa communication is proposed. This model integrates Arduino microcontrollers, LoRaWAN servers, and data visualization tools like Grafana to monitor and control PV system parameters. Through experimentation, it is demonstrated that the LoRa-based SCADA system achieves reliable long-range communication up to 15km with low power consumption. The system's effectiveness is validated by successfully collecting and analyzing data on PV and battery performance. Overall, this research presents a practical solution for affordable SCADA implementation in remote PV systems, addressing the growing demand for grid stability and energy cost optimization.

Comparing Warm and Cold Bupivacaine for Cesarean Section Spinal Anesthesia

Aseel Nabeel Ibrahim — 2024-05-16

Spinal anesthesia is widely favored for cesarean sections due to its benefits over general anesthesia, but shivering remains a common issue. This study compares warm and cold storage of heavy bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in cesarean delivery. One hundred parturient women were divided into groups receiving warm or cold bupivacaine, and vital signs, shivering, and block duration were assessed. While no significant differences were found in vital signs or block duration, shivering incidence was notably higher in the cold bupivacaine group. These findings highlight the importance of considering the temperature of local anesthetic solutions to mitigate shivering, indicating a need for further exploration of contributing factors. Optimizing bupivacaine temperature may enhance patient comfort and safety during cesarean sections. Further research could elucidate the multifactorial nature of shivering during spinal anesthesia, improving obstetric anesthesia practices.

High Zinc Deficiency Linked to Increased Risk of Preterm Birth in Iraq

Shatha Salim Mahmood — 2024-05-17

This study investigates the relationship between maternal blood zinc levels and preterm birth outcomes. Recognizing that zinc deficiencies in pregnant women correlate with various pregnancy complications, this research aimed to clarify zinc's impact on preterm delivery. Using a case-control design, zinc levels were measured via spectrophotometry in 138 pregnant women, including 76 who delivered prematurely and 62 who delivered at term, at Abi Ghraib General Hospital from February 2018 to September 2019. Results indicated a significantly lower average blood zinc concentration in the preterm group (39.62 µg/dL) compared to the term group (59.81 µg/dL) (P < 0.001). Additionally, women experiencing membrane rupture had lower zinc levels (43.06 µg/dL) than those who did not (50.46 µg/dL) (P = 0.01). No significant correlation was found between zinc levels and parity (P = 0.634). The study highlights the critical prevalence of zinc deficiency among expectant mothers and suggests that addressing micronutrient deficiencies through targeted nutritional interventions could improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes.

Comparing Warm and Cold Bupivacaine for Cesarean Section Spinal Anesthesia

Nabeel Ibrahim Aseel — 2024-05-21

Oxidative Stress in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Causes Inflammation and Cellular Damage

Shahad F. Obeid — 2024-05-28

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease affecting various organs, driven by a combination of genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors leading to immunological dysregulation. The disease is characterized by the production of autoantibodies, inflammation, and end-organ damage, with oxidative stress playing a significant role by inducing functional changes in DNA, lipids, and proteins. Current understanding of SLE pathophysiology highlights the importance of oxidative stress biomarkers in predicting disease progression and guiding treatment. Despite available treatments like corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, there remains a need for more effective therapies with fewer side effects. This research aims to investigate the relationship between oxidative stress and SLE progression, utilizing biomarkers to improve early diagnosis and treatment decisions. By analyzing oxidatively modified molecules in SLE patients, the study seeks to enhance our understanding of disease mechanisms and identify new therapeutic targets to reduce morbidity and mortality.

The Effectiveness of the Cotton Cleaning System on Foreign Saw Gins

R.Sh. Sulaymanov — 2024-05-30

In order to study the effectiveness of the cotton ginning system of cotton gins in local cotton gins equipped with foreign technology, research work was carried out on the "Imperial" saw gin with 170 saws manufactured by the US company "Lyummus" in the cotton ginning enterprise "Karvon" of the Bukhara region. The research work was carried out in Bukhara-6 selection cotton with initial moisture content of 9.6% and 12.8%, dirtiness of 3.5% and 9.4%, grade I and III grade 2. As a result of the research, the contamination of cotton after the supplier-cleaner was equal to 1.0% and 1.4% on average according to the varieties. In this case, the cleaning efficiency of the supplier-cleaner was on average 24.2% and 27.5%, which showed that it was 5.8 (abs)% and 7.5 (abs)% less than the cleaning efficiency of the supplier-cleaner in the technical characteristics of gin. . During cleaning of high and low grade cotton, separation of cotton from the supplier-cleaner to waste occurred, and the amount of separated cotton was on average 18% and 25% in relation to the mass of waste. Gin productivity in ginning of ginned cotton was on average 1750 kg/h and 1210 kg/h, which showed average 24.5% and 26.8% less than gin passport productivity.

The mass fraction of defective fiber and impurities in the post-ginning fiber was 3.56% and 4.83% on average, and seed hairiness was 15.56% and 17.3% on average.In this case, the hairiness of the seed was higher by 5.1 (abs) % and 5.8 (abs) % compared to the industry standard, and it was observed that along with the denatured seed, the fiber suitable for weaving was transformed into fluff. As a result of the conducted research, despite the fact that the cleaning efficiency of the "Imperial" chainsaw gin supplier is higher than the cleaning efficiency of the local gin supplier-cleaner, on average, 18% and 25% of the cotton is separated into waste when cleaning cotton from large impurities, and additional equipment and electricity are used to clean the cotton separated into waste. was studied. In addition, it was found that the gin supplier-purifier has a complex construction, which causes difficulties in its use and consumes 9 kW more electricity than the local gin supplier-purifier. Due to the fact that the foreign gin supplier-cleaner has the above-mentioned shortcomings, it was studied that it is necessary to improve the cleaning efficiency and improve the quality of cotton by improving the local gin supplier-cleaner.

Prostate Cancer Key Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies

Wafaa Abdulmutalib Naji — 2024-06-03

Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in men, affecting over 1.1 million individuals globally each year. Despite its potential to develop and spread, prostate cancer typically grows slowly. The disease is characterized by symptoms such as difficulty urinating and blood during ejaculation. Key risk factors include age (rare in individuals under 45 and increasing after 50), family history, race (more prevalent in Western countries and particularly among black individuals), hormonal influences (notably testosterone), diet (high in fats and low in vegetables), environmental factors, smoking, obesity, and pesticide exposure. However, the impact of these factors and the interplay between genetic and environmental influences remain underexplored. This study aims to identify and analyze the significant risk factors contributing to prostate cancer development. Methods involve a comprehensive review of existing literature and epidemiological data. Preliminary results indicate that heredity, lifestyle, and environmental exposures significantly contribute to prostate cancer risk. These findings underscore the need for targeted prevention strategies and public health interventions to mitigate the disease's incidence and improve patient outcomes.

Analysis of Temperature in Metal Cutting and Its Measurement Methods

Ogabek Uktamov — 2024-05-30

In this paper, traditional and novel technologies of measuring the heat generated in metal cutting process are studied. Analysing the literature about the cutting temperature, conclusions on the influence of temperature in metal cutting zone are given. Moreover, popular methods of measuring the temperature while conducting a machining process are presented, and their advantages, limitations are discussed. The paper is prepared using reviews of the literatures.

Research of the Temperature of the Electric Diamond Grinding Process

Jeltukhin A.V. — 2024-05-28

Cutting is a universal method of dimensional processing and therefore occupies an important place in mechanical engineering. The method makes it possible to process the surfaces of parts made from the most commonly used structural, hard-to-cut materials of various shapes and sizes with high accuracy and a specified roughness. The article discusses the influence of grinding temperature on electrolyte consumption and cutting (grinding) tools.

Euphrates River Pollution Acute and Chronic Toxicity Revealed by Bioassays

Murooj Abbas Buhlool Al Ghizzi — 2024-06-06

Bioassays are critical for assessing water pollution and its risks to ecosystems. This study evaluated the pollution of the Euphrates River in Nasiriyah during winter and spring, focusing on three stations: Sharif (entrance to the city), post-thermal energy, and Sedinawiyah (sewage disposal). Chlorella vulgaris growth rates were analyzed in river water samples over 24, 48, and 96 hours. The highest growth rate deviation was observed at station 2 in spring (91.0%) and station 3 in winter (66.0%). Results indicated varying levels of water toxicity, ranging from acute to chronic, influenced by human activities and seasonal changes. These findings highlight the significant impact of pollution on the Euphrates River, emphasizing the need for continuous monitoring and mitigation strategies.

Bioactive of Adiponectin in Metabolic Diseases a Review Article

Jamal Harbi Hussein Alsaadi — 2024-06-28

The current study demonstrates adiponectin role in pathogenesis also as a biomarker diagnostic indicator with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance( IR). Adiponectin is Lipoprotein secreted by adipocytes ,chemical structure of protein adiponectin contains 244 amino acids four domains , amino terminal peptide signal followed species _specific ,, collagen-like The variable space region 22 Gly-X-Y repeat, globular carboxbyb_ terminal domain binds to adiponectin receptor, which resembles complement factor C1q and a triangle-like topology for T.N.F levels of several adipokines (including adiponectin) leads to an increase in body weight and tends to act in a pro-inflammatory manner. On other hand, the concentration of adiponectin decreases in obese subjects. Adipokine works a suppress inflammation Processes,. Clinical research articles indicate low concentrations of adiponectin may be involved in the increase in obesity-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and insulin resistance. current article concerned with influence of adiponectin protein at insulin resistance ,metabolic syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes and comorbid disorders associated with obesity .

Integrated Management of Hawthorn Diseases: Development, Harm, and Control Measures

Nafasov Zafar Nurmakhmadovich — 2024-07-03

This study examines the primary diseases affecting hawthorn (Crataegus pontica K. Koch), addressing a significant gap in integrated pest management literature concerning these diseases' development and control. Utilizing a comprehensive approach, we combined field observations, laboratory analyses, and integrated pest management (IPM) techniques to assess the impact of diseases such as powdery mildew, brown spot, tracheomycosis, rust, white spot, and moniliosis. Our findings indicate that these diseases significantly impair hawthorn's growth and yield, with powdery mildew and brown spot being the most detrimental. Results demonstrate that implementing a combination of agrotechnical, biological, and chemical control measures effectively mitigates disease spread and damage. This study's implications underscore the importance of adopting an integrated management system to enhance hawthorn's viability and productivity, providing valuable insights for agricultural practices and future research in plant disease management.