Central Asian Journal of Theoretical and Applied Science

Measuring the Risk Factors of Radionuclides and Their Radioactivity for Food Items Collected from Local Markets in the City of Hilla-Iraq

Saif M. Alghazaly — 2024-02-08

In this study, the concentration of natural radionuclide activity, risk factors, and annual effective dose in 18 samples of consumer food in the city of Hilla were calculated using a gamma-ray detector due to the high degree of accuracy in the spectroscopic measurement of the detector. The average activity concentrations of 232Th, 238U, and 40K were found to be 9.67±0.149, 6.08±0.145, and 220.21±0.895 Bqkg-1, respectively. The average radium equivalent activity in all samples was calculated as 36.87 Bqkg-1, which is less than the permissible limit of 370 Bqkg-1. The average values of the external risk indicators and internal risk indicators for the food samples were 0.10 and 0.12, respectively, which are less than unity in all models, which indicates that nutritional models are not harmful. The average gamma hazard index (Iγ) was determined to be 0.28. The average annual effective dose equivalent was calculated as 135.67 μSvy-1, It is less than the permissible limits recommended by the United Nations Committee on the Effects of Radiation. Radiation is 1000 μSvy-1. These results may be useful for creating a database to evaluate the concentration of natural radioactivity in foodstuffs consumed in the city of Hilla.

Humanitarian Ideas in the Views of the Jadid Enlightenment

Laylo U. Yusupova — 2024-03-01

This paper explores the moral foundations of humanism as they were promoted by the Jadid enlightenment movement. By carefully dissecting their foundational writings, the research aims to clarify the fundamental humanistic principles that Jadid scholars espoused. Examining the moral precepts and ideals upheld by Jadid intellectuals is at the heart of the inquiry, providing insight into their outlook on a society that is more equal and compassionate. By utilizing an extensive collection of Jadid writings and philosophical essays, the research aims to reveal the intellectual underpinnings of humanism in the framework of the Jadid enlightenment. The study intends to offer significant insights into the lasting legacy of humanistic values in Central Asian intellectual history by exploring the ethical aspects of Jadid thinking.

Preparation and Evaluation of Bacterial Activity and Study of the Crystalline Properties of Some 1,3-Oxazepine-4,7-Dione Derivatives

Abdul Wahed Abdul Sattar Talluh — 2024-03-06

This study prepared N-(4-sulfamoyl phenyl)hydrazinecarbothioamide by reacting para-amino sulfamide, carbon sulfide, and aqueous hydrazine. Next, hydrazones were prepared using benzaldehyde substitutes in the hydrazide reactor, and lastly, the hydrazone reaction was used to create derivatives of 1,3-oxazepine-4,7-dione. utilizing anhydride maleic acid. Using spectroscopic and physical methods (mp, colour, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and FT-IR) to measure biological activity on different bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and streptococci) and confirm the structure of compounds. Determine the changes that take place inside the liquid crystals by examining their phases with a polarized optical microscope that is heated.

Analysis of Heavy Metals in Soil and Vegetation Near Fuel Filling Stations in Thi-Qar Governorate

Murooj Abbas Buhlool Al-Ghizzi — 2024-03-25

This study assesses the ecological situation near fuel filling stations in Thi-Qar Governorate by analyzing the alteration of heavy metals in soil and vegetation. The objective is to evaluate the environmental status of the area, considering heavy metal accumulation as an indicator of soil pollution and the impact of plants on fuel pollutants. Research methods include the measurement of heavy metals using an atomic absorption device and calculation of total soil and plant pollution factors. Results indicate high concentrations of lead (Pb) in soil samples from stations 1 and 2, with significant differences observed (p < 0.05). However, concentrations of other heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd) remained within permissible limits. The study highlights the role of soil and root systems in heavy metal accumulation and the potential impact on the food chain due to combined air and soil pollution near fuel filling stations.

Hydraulic Modeling of Dispersed Flow

I.E.Makhmudov — 2024-03-24

This study focuses on evaluating the operational conditions of supply channels within irrigation system pumping stations, with a particular emphasis on those associated with the Karshi main canal. The primary objective is to devise new approaches to optimize the functioning of key components in order to achieve energy-efficient operations. Through the integration of innovative elements into irrigation systems during refurbishment, the study aims to diminish hydraulic losses per unit power of pumping units, resulting in additional energy savings and reduced technological costs. The significance of the research findings lies in the development of an original expression of the Stokes criterion, which aids in characterizing the behavior of multiphase water flows interacting with clay sediment particles on solid surfaces, such as those present in coastal protection structures. A hydraulic model has been devised to illustrate the dynamics of dispersed water flow interacting with solid surfaces, thereby providing valuable insights into the intricate processes involved..

A DC-DC Converter with a Single Switch Design for Battery-Powered Electrical Vehicles

B. Vaidianathan — 2024-03-25

We recommend a new single-switch transformer with a lower-lift DC-DC converter for vehicles that use energy components. The designed topology enhances the converter's voltage addition while decreasing the voltage load on the force switch using an integrated LC2D yield and an exchanged capacitor multiplier. In addition, the suggested converter can accommodate the energy component's large voltage fluctuations because of its broad voltage gain range. As the acid dissolves, the sulfuric acid molecules disintegrate into free-moving sulphate ions and positive hydrogen ions (2H+). Consider a situation where two electrodes are linked to a DC source and submerged in a solution. The hydrogen ions would then be brought to the electrodes, which would be positively charged and connected to the supply's negative terminal. The SO ions, which are negatively charged, made their way to the electrodes that were linked to the positive end of the power main's supply (i.e., anode). Sulfuric and hydrogen acids are produced when hydrogen ions remove one electron from the cathode and sulphate ions remove two negative ions from the anodes in a reaction with water. Lead peroxide is formed when oxygen, generated from the preceding equation, combines with lead oxide (PbO2.) Consequently, although the lead anode is transformed into lead peroxide a chocolate-coloured substance the lead cathode stays lead. The proposed converter's operational requirements and consistent state evaluations are presented. Because the suggested converter's semiconductor components are only subjected to a voltage stress of around 50% of the output voltage, a power switch with a lower rated voltage can be used.

Maximum Power Point Tracking Dual Axis Solar Panel Using Arduino UNO

M. Shagur Banu — 2024-03-28

Renewable energy is the only way to reduce global energy shortages. Solar is a high-yield renewable resource. Solar energy is becoming a major renewable energy source. Modern technologies include solar heating, photovoltaic, solar thermal energy, solar architecture, molten salt power plants, and artificial photosynthesis utilise solar light and heat. We represented the Dual Axis Solar panel with a 10W, 21V, 0.57 solar panel. We built a solar panel framework. Crafting the framework using cardboard cuts project costs. Trackers point solar panels at the sun. These devices rotate to follow the sun to maximum energy capture. Solar trackers can boost electricity generation by a third or even 40% in some countries compared to fixed-angle modules. When modules are constantly adjusted to the optimal angle as the sun moves, solar conversion efficiency improves. This paper designs an Arduino UNO-based Dual Axis Solar Tracking system to move solar panels toward maximum sunlight. The fixed solar system could maximise solar panel production by improving efficiency. LDRs send a signal to the Arduino UNO, which sends it to the servo motor connected to it, which positions the Axis Solar Panel in the sun's direction. This allowed Arduino UNO to track dual-axis solar panels with maximum power. Our technology is more efficient, small, low-cost, and easy to use.